Stepper or servo for IVD pipetting axes?
Pipetting axes need low-speed smoothness and repeatable positioning, not raw power. Compare stepper and integrated servo on low-speed torque, encoder resolution and volume, with per-axis recommendations.
Clinical chemistry pipetting axes travel 100-300mm at low speed; the pain is low-speed cogging and consistent liquid-level following - exactly where steppers with good low-speed torque shine.
Servos win at high speed and disturbance rejection: a closed-loop encoder compensates the moment the needle meets a ripple. Integrated closed-loop steppers (like FULLING) combine both: no lost steps at stepper-like volume.
Per-axis advice: X/Y transport on steppers or closed-loop steppers for cost; Z pipetting on closed-loop steppers or small servos for consistency. Parameter tables for FULLING and ELMO are on the product pages.
